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May 12, 2025

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Home1852

1852

What Mutualism Was

Emile de Girardin, “Mutualisme / Mutualism” (1852)

January 18, 2023 Shawn P. Wilbur

Solidarity is to liberty what immobility is to movement, what darkness is to light, what community is to reciprocity, what the old formula, association, is to the new formula, assurance. Solidarity, raised to its highest power, is Communism. Liberty, reduced to its simplest expression, is Mutualism. […]

Shawn P. Wilbur

Independent scholar, translator and archivist.
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